Guruni language

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The Guruni language (Guruni: gurunnene) is a Continental Nodaimic language spoken in central Likkra and parts of the southern areas of the continent of Nodaima, as well as in isolated areas near the main areas. It is an official language of the Kingdom of Likkra, and a recognised minority language in Cedysna, Nodaima, Treproa, Namari and Blyland.

Even though Guruni is a Nodaimic language, its grammar has shifted towards a more fusional morphosyntax. However, it remains exclusively left-branching.

History

Phonology

Grammar

Nouns

Unlike Nodaimese, Guruni has fewer cases, and retains some form of gender. The distinction between the dual and plural have been lost in all cases except the nominative. The declensional classes have collapsed into two, a thematic declension, and an athematic declension.

The following is the declension of tasse (flower, feminine), which is part of the thematic declension:

Singular Dual Plural
Nominative tasse tasses tassek
Accusative tassi tassege
Genitive tassei tassegi
Dative tassep tassesp
Instrumental tasses tasseks

The following is the declension of del (person, masculine), which is part of the athematic declension:

Singular Dual Plural
Nominative del dels delik
Accusative dele delige
Genitive deli deligi
Dative delep delisp
Instrumental dels delis

If the stem ends in a sibilant, then the dual and instrumental forms end in -as.

Verbs

Unlike Nodaimese, Guruni retains the distinction between the athematic and thematic conjugations. However, the athematic conjugation has become a relic class. Guruni verbs traditionally had what is known as the "Nodaimese nine-tense system", where three tenses and three aspects were placed in nine different combinations determining the temporal shape of the verb's action. However, this system has atrophied in Guruni, and the nine-tense system is no longer applicable, particularly in the non-indicative moods.

The following is the conjugation of a typical Guruni verb (adape, to see):

Singular Plural
First Second Third First Second Third
Indicative mood
Present ade adap adul adage adagap adagul
Past adakke adakkap adakkul adakkage adakkagap adakkagul
Perfect adat adatap adatul adatte adattak adattal
Future adappe adap adappul adapage adappak adapagul
Subjunctive mood
Present adavi adavip adavel adauge adaugap adaugul
Perfect adaute adautap adautul adotte adottak adottal
Progressive adavige adavigap adavigul adogge adoggap adoggul
Conditional mood
Present adapu adap adapul adague adaguap adagual
Imperative mood
ada adakke adave adak adavegul

The following is the conjugation of the copula erape:

Singular Plural
First Second Third First Second Third
Indicative mood
Present er erp el erge ergap ergul
Past ike ikap ikul ikage ikagap ikagul
Perfect et etap etul ette ettak ettal
Future eppe ep eppul epage eppak epagul
Subjunctive mood
Present olvi olvip olvel oluge olugap olugul
Perfect olute olutap olutul olotte olottak olottal
Progressive olvige olvigap olvigul ologge ologgap ologgul
Conditional mood
Present eipu eip eipul eigue eiguap eigual
Imperative mood
er ekke olve erk olvegul