Old Blylandic language

The Old Blylandic language (Old Blylandic: bliiwalęndisku tunga, Blylandic: ald blyylęnsk tunge) is a language that was spoken in the Blyland region of Likkra between the sixth and thirteenth centuries. It is the predecessor to the modern Blylandic language.

Orthography

Some of the earliest Old Blylandic texts were written in Blylandic futhork, an expanded version of the Elder Futhark that was used sparingly during the Proto-Blylandic period. Later, in c. 750, the Latin script was introduced.

Normalised orthography

Because Old Blylandic spelling conventions differed between scribes, a normalised orthography is generally used when studying old texts. In general, it is based on the modern Blylandic alphabet.

The following letters are used:

Aa /a, æ/

Åå /ɑ/

Bb /b/

Cc /t͡s/

Dd /d/

Ee /e, ə/

Éé /e/

Ęę /ɛ/

Ff /ɸ, f/

Gg /g/

Hh /x, h/

Ii /i/

Jj /j/

Kk /k/

Ll /l/

Mm /m/

Nn /n/

Oo /o/

Öö /ø/

Ǫǫ /ɔ/

Pp /p/

Qq /kʷ/

Rr /ɾ, r/

Ss /s/

Tt /t/

Uu /u/

Vv /w/

Ww /w/

Xx /ks/

Yy /y/

Zz /z/

Þþ /θ/

Additionally, the letter <ä> is used to indicate /ai̯/, /æi̯/ or /ɑi̯/ before /w/. Doubled letters indicate long vowels and geminate consonants. <é> is rare, and typically marks unstressed /e/ (as opposed to stressed /e/, which is always written <e> as /ə/ cannot be stressed). The use of <x> is rare. Earlier transliterations paired <q> with <u> to form <qu>; however, this digraph is no longer used in contemporary transliterations.

The following digraphs are used (excluding long vowels/geminates):

ai /ai̯, æi̯/

au /au̯, æu̯/

åi /ɑi̯/

åu /ɑu̯/

dj /d͡z/

dz /d͡z/

eu /eu̯/

gj /ɟ, d͡ʑ/

gv /gʷ/

gw /gʷ/

hj /ç/

hl /l̥, ɬ/

hn /n̥/

hr /ɾ̥, r̥/

hw /ʍ/

iu /iu̯/

kj /c, t͡ɕ/

kv /kʷ/

kw /kʷ/

lj /ʎ/

qu /kʷ/

qv /kʷ/

nj /ɲ/

sj /ɕ/

tj /t͡s/

þj /t͡s/

wl /lʷ/

wr /ɾʷ, rʷ/

There are also the trigraphs <hlj> (/ʎ̥/, /ʎ̝̊/) and <hnj> (/ɲ̊/).

Grammar

Nouns

Old Blylandic distinguishes between six cases and two numbers: the nominative, vocative, accusative, genitive, dative and instrumental cases, and the singular and plural number. They can have one of three genders: masculine, feminine and neuter.

In very early texts, traces of a locative case can be found. Not all locative forms are attested.

a-stem nouns

The a-stem declensional class is one of the largest declensional class in Old Blylandic. It consists entirely of masculine and neuter nouns, and corresponds roughly to the Latin second declension. There are three subclasses in this declensional class.

The plain a-stem masculines are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	dager /ˈda.gr̩/	dagur /ˈda.guɾ/
Vocative	dak /ˈdak/	dagur /ˈda.guɾ/
Accusative	dak /ˈdak/	dagen /ˈda.gn̩/
Genitive	dages /ˈda.gəs/	daga /ˈda.gaː/
Dative	dagę /ˈda.gɛ/	dagamer /ˈda.ga.mr̩/
Instrumental	dagu /ˈda.gu/	dagamer /ˈda.ga.mr̩/
Locative†	dagi /ˈda.gi/	dagęr /ˈda.gɛɾ/

The plain a-stem neuters are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bęęn /ˈbɛːn/	bęęnu /ˈbɛː.nu/
Vocative	bęęn /ˈbɛːn/	bęęnu /ˈbɛː.nu/
Accusative	bęęn /ˈbɛːn/	bęęnu /ˈbɛː.nu/
Genitive	bęęnes /ˈbɛː.nəs/	bęęna /ˈbɛː.naː/
Dative	bęęnę /ˈbɛː.nɛ/	bęęnamer /ˈbɛː.na.mr̩/
Instrumental	bęęnu /ˈbɛː.nu/	bęęnamer /ˈbɛː.na.mr̩/
Locative†	bęęni /ˈbɛː.ni/	bęęnęr /ˈbɛː.nɛɾ/

The ja-stem masculines are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	niþir /ˈni.θiɾ/	nisur /ˈni.suɾ/
Vocative	nis /ˈnis/	nisur /ˈni.suɾ/
Accusative	niþi /ˈni.θi/	niþin /ˈni.θin/
Genitive	niþis /ˈni.θis/	nisa /ˈni.saː/
Dative	nisę /ˈni.sɛ/	nisamer /ˈni.sa.mr̩/
Instrumental	nisu /ˈni.su/	nisamer /ˈni.sa.mr̩/
Locative†	niþi /ˈni.θi/	nisęr /ˈni.sɛɾ/

Note that the underlying root is niþ-, and the nis- forms are the result of palatalisation. Whether the vocative has the same form as the accusative is dependent on whether the root is light (short vowel + zero or one coda consonant) or heavy (long vowel or two or more coda consonants), with heavy roots giving identical forms.

The ja-stem neuters are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	bęs /ˈbɛs/	bęzu /ˈbɛ.zu/
Vocative	bęs /ˈbɛs/	bęzu /ˈbɛ.zu/
Accusative	bęs /ˈbɛs/	bęzu /ˈbɛ.zu/
Genitive	będis /ˈbɛ.dis/	bęza /ˈbɛ.zaː/
Dative	bęzę /ˈbɛ.zɛ/	bęzamer /ˈbɛ.za.mr̩/
Instrumental	bęzu /ˈbɛ.zu/	bęzamer /ˈbɛ.za.mr̩/
Locative†	będi /ˈbɛ.di/	bęzęr /ˈbɛ.zɛɾ/

The neuter nominative/vocative/accusative singular forms may instead end in unpalatalised root + -i, if the root is heavy.

The wa-stem masculines are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	skǫdur /ˈskɔ.duɾ/	skǫdor /ˈskɔ.doɾ/
Vocative	skǫt /ˈskɔt/	skǫdor /ˈskɔ.doɾ/
Accusative	skǫdu /ˈskɔ.du/	skǫdun /ˈskɔ.dun/
Genitive	skǫdus /ˈskɔ.dus/	skǫda /ˈskɔ.daː/
Dative	skǫdę /ˈskɔ.dɛ/	skǫdamer /ˈskɔ.da.mr̩/
Instrumental	skǫdo /ˈskɔ.do/	skǫdamer /ˈskɔ.da.mr̩/
Locative†	skǫdi /ˈskɔ.di/	skǫdęr /ˈskɔ.dɛɾ/

The wa-stem neuters are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	möl /ˈmøl/	mölo /ˈmø.lo/
Vocative	möl /ˈmøl/	mölo /ˈmø.lo/
Accusative	möl /ˈmøl/	mölo /ˈmø.lo/
Genitive	mölus /ˈmø.lus/	möla /ˈmø.laː/
Dative	mölę /ˈmø.lɛ/	mölamer /ˈmø.la.mr̩/
Instrumental	mölo /ˈmø.lo/	mölamer /ˈmø.la.mr̩/
Locative†	möli /ˈmø.li/	mölęr /ˈmø.lɛɾ/

ō-stem nouns

The ō-stem declensional class is also a rather large declensional class. It consists entirely of feminines, and corresponds roughly to the Latin first declension. There are two subclasses in this declensional class.

The plain ō-stem nouns are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	roodu /ˈɾoː.du/	roodor /ˈɾoː.doɾ/
Vocative	roodu /ˈɾoː.du/	roodor /ˈɾoː.doɾ/
Accusative	rooda /ˈɾoː.da/	roodur /ˈɾoː.duɾ/
Genitive	roodur /ˈɾoː.duɾ/	rooda /ˈɾoː.daː/
Dative	roodę /ˈɾoː.dɛ/	roodomer /ˈɾoː.do.mr̩/
Instrumental	roodu /ˈɾoː.du/	roodomer /ˈɾoː.do.mr̩/
Locative†	roodę /ˈɾoː.dɛ/	roodur /ˈɾoː.duɾ/

While there are jō-stem nouns, they decline identically to their plain counterparts.

The ī/jō-stem nouns are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	męwi /ˈmɛ.wi/	möjor /ˈmø.joɾ/
Vocative	męwi /ˈmɛ.wi/	möjor /ˈmø.joɾ/
Accusative	möja /ˈmø.ja/	möjur /ˈmø.juɾ/
Genitive	möjur /ˈmø.juɾ/	möja /ˈmø.jaː/
Dative	möję /ˈmø.jɛ/	möjomer /ˈmø.jo.mr̩/
Instrumental	möju /ˈmø.ju/	möjomer /ˈmø.jo.mr̩/
Locative†	möję /ˈmø.jɛ/	möjur /ˈmø.juɾ/

i-stem nouns

The i-stem masculines and feminines are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	gęster /ˈgɛs.tr̩/	gęstir /ˈgɛs.tiɾ/
Vocative	gęss /ˈgɛsː/	gęstir /ˈgɛs.tiɾ/
Accusative	gęste /ˈgɛs.tə/	gęsten /ˈgɛs.tn̩/
Genitive	gęstir /ˈgɛs.tiɾ/	gęssa /ˈgɛs.saː/
Dative	gęsti /ˈgɛs.ti/	gęstimer /ˈgɛs.ti.mr̩/
Instrumental	gęsti /ˈgɛs.ti/	gęstimer /ˈgɛs.ti.mr̩/
Locative†	gęsti /ˈgɛs.ti/	gęstir /ˈgɛs.tiɾ/

The i-stem neuters are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	męr /ˈmɛɾ/	męri /ˈmɛ.ɾi/
Vocative	męr /ˈmɛɾ/	męri /ˈmɛ.ɾi/
Accusative	męr /ˈmɛɾ/	męri /ˈmɛ.ɾi/
Genitive	męrir /ˈmɛ.ɾiɾ/	męra /ˈmɛ.ɾaː/
Dative	męri /ˈmɛ.ɾi/	męrimer /ˈmɛ.ɾi.mr̩/
Instrumental	męri /ˈmɛ.ɾi/	męrimer /ˈmɛ.ɾi.mr̩/
Locative†	męri /ˈmɛ.ɾi/	męrir /ˈmɛ.ɾiɾ/

While this noun does not demonstrate palatalisation of the root, the nominative/vocative/accusative singular and the genitive plural exhibit palatalisation.

u-stem nouns

The u-stem masculines and feminines are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	mǫger /ˈmɔ.gr̩/	męgir /ˈmɛ.giɾ/
Vocative	mǫk /ˈmɔk/	męgir /ˈmɛ.giɾ/
Accusative	mǫge /ˈmɔ.gə/	mǫgen /ˈmɔ.gn̩/
Genitive	magǫr /ˈma.gɔɾ/	męgja /ˈmɛ.d͡ʑaː/
Dative	męgi /ˈmɛ.gi/	mǫgumer /ˈmɔ.gu.mr̩/
Instrumental	mǫgu /ˈmɔ.gu/	mǫgumer /ˈmɔ.gu.mr̩/
Locative†	męgi /ˈmɛ.gi/	mǫgur /ˈmɔ.guɾ/

The u-stems exhibit umlaut, and in the genitive plural, also exhibit palatalisation. The unchanged root vowel is used only in the genitive singular.

The u-stem neuters are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	spör /ˈspøɾ/	spöru /ˈspø.ɾu/
Vocative	spör /ˈspøɾ/	spöru /ˈspø.ɾu/
Accusative	spör /ˈspøɾ/	spöru /ˈspø.ɾu/
Genitive	sperǫr /ˈspe.ɾɔɾ/	spira /ˈspi.ɾaː/
Dative	spiri /ˈspi.ɾi/	spörumer /ˈspø.ɾu.mr̩/
Instrumental	spöru /ˈspø.ɾu/	spörumer /ˈspø.ɾu.mr̩/
Locative†	spiri /ˈspi.ɾi/	spörur /ˈspø.ɾuɾ/

r-stem nouns

The r-stem declensional class consists only of five nouns, all kinship terms: fadir, moodir, brooþir, swestir and dohtir/-duhtir

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	fadir /ˈfa.diɾ/	fędrer /ˈfɛd.ɾr̩/
Vocative	fader /ˈfa.dr̩/	fędrer /ˈfɛd.ɾr̩/
Accusative	fadare /ˈfa.da.ɾə/	fǫdren /ˈfɔd.ɾn̩/
Genitive	fǫders /ˈfɔ.dr̩s/	fadra /ˈfad.ɾaː/
Dative	fędri /ˈfɛd.ɾi/	fǫdrumer /ˈfɔd.ɾu.mr̩/
Instrumental	fadri /ˈfad.ɾi/	fǫdrumer /ˈfɔd.ɾu.mr̩/
Locative†	fęder /ˈfe.dr̩/	fǫders /ˈfɔ.dr̩s/

z-stem nouns

The z-stem declensional class consists only of neuter nouns.

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	lamber /ˈlam.br̩/	lęmbiru /ˈlɛm.bi.ɾu/
Vocative	lamber /ˈlam.br̩/	lęmbiru /ˈlɛm.bi.ɾu/
Accusative	lamber /ˈlam.br̩/	lęmbiru /ˈlɛm.bi.ɾu/
Genitive	lęmbirer /ˈlɛm.bi.ɾr̩/	lęmbira /ˈlɛm.bi.ɾaː/
Dative	lęmbiri /ˈlɛm.bi.ɾi/	lęmbirumer /ˈlɛm.bi.ɾu.mr̩/
Instrumental	lęmbiri /ˈlɛm.bi.ɾi/	lęmbirumer /ˈlɛm.bi.ɾu.mr̩/
Locative†	lęmbir /ˈlɛm.biɾ/	lęmbis /ˈlɛm.bis/

There is one irregular noun in this declensional class (aar/ęęr "copper, ore"):

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	aar /ˈaːɾ/ ęęr /ˈɛːɾ/	ęęru /ˈɛː.ɾu/
Vocative	aar /ˈaːɾ/ ęęr /ˈɛːɾ/	ęęru /ˈɛː.ɾu/
Accusative	aar /ˈaːɾ/ ęęr /ˈɛːɾ/	ęęru /ˈɛː.ɾu/
Genitive	eerer /ˈeː.ɾr̩/	ęęra /ˈɛː.ɾaː/
Dative	eeri /ˈeː.ɾi/	öörumer /ˈøː.ɾu.mr̩/
Instrumental	ęęri /ˈɛː.ɾi/	öörumer /ˈøː.ɾu.mr̩/
Locative†	*eer /ˈeː.ɾ/	*öös /ˈøːs/

Plain consonant stems

The plain consonant stem declensional class consists of nouns whose stems end in a consonant other than -r (r- and z-stems) or -n (n-stems).

The plain consonant stem masculines and feminines are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	nahts /ˈnaxt͡s/	nęhter /ˈnɛx.tr̩/
Vocative	naht /ˈnaxt/	nęhter /ˈnɛx.tr̩/
Accusative	nǫhte /ˈnɔx.tə/	nǫhten /ˈnɔx.tn̩/
Genitive	nęhter /ˈnɛx.tr̩/	nahta /ˈnax.taː/
Dative	nęhti /ˈnɛx.ti/	nǫhtumer /ˈnɔx.tu.mr̩/
Instrumental	nahti /ˈnax.ti/	nǫhtumer /ˈnɔx.tu.mr̩/
Locative†	nęks /ˈnɛks/	nǫhts /ˈnɔxt͡s/

The nominative singular and locative plural endings may either be -er or -s, depending on whether the stem ends in a voiceless obstruent (in which case -s is used).

The plain consonant stem neuters are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ǫl /ˈɔl/	ǫlet /ˈɔ.lət/
Vocative	ǫl /ˈɔl/	ǫlet /ˈɔ.lət/
Accusative	ǫl /ˈɔl/	ǫlet /ˈɔ.lət/
Genitive	ǫluþer /ˈɔ.lu.θr̩/	ǫluþa /ˈɔ.lu.θaː/
Dative	ǫluþi /ˈɔ.lu.θi/	ǫluþumer /ˈɔ.lu.θu.mr̩/
Instrumental	ǫluþi /ˈɔ.lu.θi/	ǫluþumer /ˈɔ.lu.θu.mr̩/
Locative†	ǫlus /ˈɔ.lus/	ǫluþs /ˈɔ.luθs/

Neuter consonant stems are rare, and all of them exhibit the loss of the stem-final consonant in the nominative/vocative/accusative singular (as seen above). As such, they're seen as an irregular declensional class.

an-stem nouns

The an-stem declensional class is one of the "weak" declensional classes, a set of classes defined by the -n- infix in many of its endings. It consists of masculine and neuter nouns.

The an-stem masculines are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	gumo /ˈgu.mo/	gumaner /ˈgu.ma.nr̩/
Vocative	gumo /ˈgu.mo/	gumaner /ˈgu.ma.nr̩/
Accusative	gumane /ˈgu.ma.nə/	gumanen /ˈgu.ma.nn̩/
Genitive	gyminer /ˈgy.mi.nr̩/	gumana /ˈgu.ma.naː/
Dative	gymini /ˈgy.mi.ni/	gumammer /ˈgu.mam.mr̩/
Instrumental	gymini /ˈgy.mi.ni/	gumammer /ˈgu.mam.mr̩/
Locative†	gymin /ˈgy.min/	guman /ˈgu.man/

The an-stem neuters are declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	wango /ˈwan.go/	wangonu /ˈwan.go.nu/
Vocative	wango /ˈwan.go/	wangonu /ˈwan.go.nu/
Accusative	wango /ˈwan.go/	wangonu /ˈwan.go.nu/
Genitive	węnginer /ˈwɛn.gi.nr̩/	wangana /ˈwan.ga.naː/
Dative	węngini /ˈwɛn.gi.ni/	wangammer /ˈwan.gam.mr̩/
Instrumental	węngini /ˈwɛn.gi.ni/	wangammer /ˈwan.gam.mr̩/
Locative†	węngin /ˈwɛn.gin/	wangan /ˈwan.gan/

ōn-stems

The ōn-stem declensional class is the feminine counterpart to the an-stems.

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sonna /ˈson.na/	sonnoner /ˈson.no.nr̩/
Vocative	sonna /ˈson.na/	sonnoner /ˈson.no.nr̩/
Accusative	sonnone /ˈson.no.nə/	sonnonen /ˈson.no.nn̩/
Genitive	sonnoner /ˈson.no.nr̩/	sonnona /ˈson.no.naː/
Dative	sonnoni /ˈson.no.ni/	sonnomer /ˈson.no.mr̩/
Instrumental	sonnoni /ˈson.no.ni/	sonnomer /ˈson.no.mr̩/
Locative†	sonnon /ˈson.non/	sonnon /ˈson.non/

īn-stems

The īn-stem declensional class, like the ōn-stem class, consists entirely of feminine nouns.

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	byrþę /ˈbyɾ.θɛ/	byrþiner /ˈbyɾ.θi.nr̩/
Vocative	byrþę /ˈbyɾ.θɛ/	byrþiner /ˈbyɾ.θi.nr̩/
Accusative	byrþine /ˈbyɾ.θi.nə/	byrþinen /ˈbyɾ.θi.nn̩/
Genitive	byrþiner /ˈbyɾ.θi.nr̩/	byrþina /ˈbyɾ.θi.naː/
Dative	byrþini /ˈbyɾ.θi.ni/	byrþimer /ˈbyɾ.θi.mr̩/
Instrumental	byrþini /ˈbyɾ.θi.ni/	byrþimer /ˈbyɾ.θi.mr̩/
Locative†	byrþin /ˈbyɾ.θin/	byrþin /ˈbyɾ.θin/

Adjectives

Adjectives in Old Blylandic agree with the noun in case, gender and number. Most adjectives have two different sets of declensions, the "strong" declension, and the "weak" declension. The weak declension is typically used in conjunction with a demonstrative.

The terms "strong" and "weak" are misnomers in Old Blylandic; the terms refer to the distinctiveness of endings, and are more applicable to the modern language (whose weak declension consists only of three or four endings spread across 24 combinations).

The strong declension is as follows:

	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	gooder /ˈgoː.dr̩/	goodę /ˈgoː.dɛ/	goodu /ˈgoː.du/	goodor /ˈgoː.doɾ/	goodat /ˈgoː.dat/	goodu /ˈgoː.du/
Vocative	goot /ˈgoːt/	goodę /ˈgoː.dɛ/	goodu /ˈgoː.du/	goodor /ˈgoː.doɾ/	goodat /ˈgoː.dat/	goodu /ˈgoː.du/
Accusative	goodana /ˈgoː.da.na/	gooden /ˈgoː.dn̩/	gooda /ˈgoː.da/	goodur /ˈgoː.duɾ/	goodat /ˈgoː.dat/	goodu /ˈgoː.du/
Genitive	goodes /ˈgoː.dəs/	goodęra /ˈgoː.dɛ.ɾaː/	goodęrur /ˈgoː.dɛ.ɾuɾ/	goodęra /ˈgoː.dɛ.ɾaː/	goodes /ˈgoː.dəs/	goodęra /ˈgoː.dɛ.ɾaː/
Dative	goodammę /ˈgoː.dam.mɛ/	goodęmer /ˈgoː.dɛ.mr̩/	goodęrę /ˈgoː.dɛ.ɾɛ/	goodęmer /ˈgoː.dɛ.mr̩/	goodammę /ˈgoː.dam.mɛ/	goodęmer /ˈgoː.dɛ.mr̩/
Instrumental	goodanu /ˈgoː.da.nu/	goodęmer /ˈgoː.dɛ.mr̩/	goodęru /ˈgoː.dɛ.ɾu/	goodęmer /ˈgoː.dɛ.mr̩/	goodanu /ˈgoː.da.nu/	goodęmer /ˈgoː.dɛ.mr̩/
Locative†	goodam /ˈgoː.dam/	goodęr /ˈgoː.dɛɾ/	goodęrę /ˈgoː.dɛ.ɾɛ/	goodęr /ˈgoː.dɛɾ/	goodam /ˈgoː.dam/	goodęr /ˈgoː.dɛɾ/

Note that the vocative forms listed above are rarely, if ever, used outside of strong-only adjectives. Typically adjectives modifying noun phrases in the vocative use the weak declension.

The weak declension is as follows:

	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative Vocative	goodo /ˈgoː.do/	goodaner /ˈgoː.da.nr̩/	gooda /ˈgoː.da/	goodoner /ˈgoː.do.nr̩/	goodo /ˈgoː.do/	goodonu /ˈgoː.do.nu/
Accusative	goodane /ˈgoː.da.nə/	goodanen /ˈgoː.da.nn̩/	goodone /ˈgoː.do.nə/	goodonen /ˈgoː.do.nn̩/	goodo /ˈgoː.do/	goodonu /ˈgoː.do.nu/
Genitive	göödiner /ˈgøː.di.nr̩/	goodana /ˈgoː.da.naː/	goodoner /ˈgoː.do.nr̩/	goodona /ˈgoː.do.naː/	göödiner /ˈgøː.di.nr̩/	goodana /ˈgoː.da.naː/
Dative	göödini /ˈgøː.di.ni/	goodammer /ˈgoː.dam.mr̩/	goodoni /ˈgoː.do.ni/	goodomer /ˈgoː.do.mr̩/	göödini /ˈgøː.di.ni/	goodammer /ˈgoː.dam.mr̩/
Instrumental	göödini /ˈgøː.di.ni/	goodammer /ˈgoː.dam.mr̩/	goodoni /ˈgoː.do.ni/	goodomer /ˈgoː.do.mr̩/	göödini /ˈgøː.di.ni/	goodammer /ˈgoː.dam.mr̩/
Locative†	göödin /ˈgøː.din/	goodan /ˈgoː.dan/	goodon /ˈgoː.don/	goodon /ˈgoː.don/	göödin /ˈgøː.din/	goodan /ˈgoː.dan/

In all cases, adverbs are formed using the neuter genitive singular (of the strong declension, where applicable), with four exceptions (the adverbial form of gooder "good" is wel, the adverbial form of ybiler "bad, evil" is identical to its comparative form, and the adverbial forms of superlatives replace the -ist- or -ost- with -est; comparative adverbs are mentioned below). The strong neuter genitive singular is also used when the adjective is used as a predicate. Comparatives are generally formed by adding -iro to the adjective (and applying umlaut if applicable), while superlatives use -ister (which also induces umlaut). Some adjectives use -oro and -oster instead to form their comparatives and superlatives.

All comparatives, present participles and ordinal numerals (with the exception of fyrister "first" and annarer "second, other", the latter being strong only, and þrizo "third", whose declension is slightly irregular) decline as follows:

	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative Vocative	seksto /ˈseks.to/	sekstaner /ˈseks.ta.nr̩/	sikstę /ˈsiks.tɛ/	sikstiner /ˈsiks.ti.nr̩/	seksto /ˈseks.to/	sekstonu /ˈseks.to.nu/
Accusative	sekstane /ˈseks.ta.nə/	sekstanen /ˈseks.ta.nn̩/	sikstine /ˈsiks.ti.nə/	sikstinen /ˈsiks.ti.nn̩/	seksto /ˈseks.to/	sekstonu /ˈseks.to.nu/
Genitive	sikstiner /ˈsiks.ti.nr̩/	sekstana /ˈseks.ta.naː/	sikstiner /ˈsiks.ti.nr̩/	sikstina /ˈsiks.ti.naː/	sikstiner /ˈsiks.ti.nr̩/	sekstana /ˈseks.ta.naː/
Dative	sikstini /ˈsiks.ti.ni/	sekstammer /ˈseks.tam.mr̩/	sikstini /ˈsiks.ti.ni/	sikstimer /ˈsiks.ti.mr̩/	sikstini /ˈsiks.ti.ni/	sekstammer /ˈseks.tam.mr̩/
Instrumental	sikstini /ˈsiks.ti.ni/	sekstammer /ˈseks.tam.mr̩/	sikstini /ˈsiks.ti.ni/	sikstimer /ˈsiks.ti.mr̩/	sikstini /ˈsiks.ti.ni/	sekstammer /ˈseks.tam.mr̩/
Locative†	sikstin /ˈsiks.tin/	sikstan /ˈsiks.tan/	sikstin /ˈsiks.tin/	sikstin /ˈsiks.tin/	sikstin /ˈsiks.tin/	sikstan /ˈsiks.tan/

Unlike with normal adjectives, comparatives form their adverbs by replacing the -ir- or -or- with -er (e.g. bętiro "better" becomes bęter), with a few exceptions.

The ordinal numeral þrizo deviates slightly from this declension, through the use of palatalisation rather than umlaut to distinguish between the two stems:

	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative Vocative	þrizo /ˈθɾi.zo/	þrizaner /ˈθɾi.za.nr̩/	þridę /ˈθɾi.dɛ/	þridiner /ˈθɾi.di.nr̩/	þrizo /ˈθɾi.zo/	þrizonu /ˈθɾi.zo.nu/
Accusative	þrizane /ˈθɾi.za.nə/	þrizanen /ˈθɾi.za.nn̩/	þridine /ˈθɾi.di.nə/	þridinen /ˈθɾi.di.nn̩/	þrizo /ˈθɾi.zo/	þrizonu /ˈθɾi.zo.nu/
Genitive	þridiner /ˈθɾi.di.nr̩/	þrizana /ˈθɾi.za.naː/	þridiner /ˈθɾi.di.nr̩/	þridina /ˈθɾi.di.naː/	þridiner /ˈθɾi.di.nr̩/	þrizana /ˈθɾi.za.naː/
Dative	þridini /ˈθɾi.di.ni/	þrizammer /ˈθɾi.zam.mr̩/	þridini /ˈθɾi.di.ni/	þridimer /ˈθɾi.di.mr̩/	þridini /ˈθɾi.di.ni/	þrizammer /ˈθɾi.zam.mr̩/
Instrumental	þridini /ˈθɾi.di.ni/	þrizammer /ˈθɾi.zam.mr̩/	þridini /ˈθɾi.di.ni/	þridimer /ˈθɾi.di.mr̩/	þridini /ˈθɾi.di.ni/	þrizammer /ˈθɾi.zam.mr̩/
Locative†	þridin /ˈθɾi.din/	þrizan /ˈθɾi.zan/	þridin /ˈθɾi.din/	þridin /ˈθɾi.din/	þridin /ˈθɾi.din/	þrizan /ˈθɾi.zan/

Historically, present participles had a different declension:

	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	berander /ˈbe.ɾan.dr̩/	berander /ˈbe.ɾan.dr̩/	berandi /ˈbe.ɾan.di/	berandor /ˈbe.ɾan.doɾ/	berant /ˈbe.ɾant/	berant /ˈbe.ɾant/
Vocative	berant /ˈbe.ɾant/	berander /ˈbe.ɾan.dr̩/	berandi /ˈbe.ɾan.di/	berandor /ˈbe.ɾan.doɾ/	berant /ˈbe.ɾant/	berant /ˈbe.ɾant/
Accusative	berande /ˈbe.ɾan.də/	beranden /ˈbe.ɾan.dn̩/	beranda /ˈbe.ɾan.da/	berandur /ˈbe.ɾan.duɾ/	berant /ˈbe.ɾant/	berant /ˈbe.ɾant/
Genitive	berander /ˈbe.ɾan.dr̩/	berandęra /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ.ɾaː/	berandęrur /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ.ɾuɾ/	berandęra /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ.ɾaː/	berander /ˈbe.ɾan.dr̩/	berandęra /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ.ɾaː/
Dative	berandi /ˈbe.ɾan.di/	berandęmer /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ.mr̩/	berandęrę /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ.ɾɛ/	berandęmer /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ.mr̩/	berandi /ˈbe.ɾan.di/	berandęmer /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ.mr̩/
Instrumental	berandi /ˈbe.ɾan.di/	berandęmer /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ.mr̩/	berandęru /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ.ɾu/	berandęmer /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ.mr̩/	berandi /ˈbe.ɾan.di/	berandęmer /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ.mr̩/
Locative†	berandi /ˈbe.ɾan.di/	berandęr /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛɾ/	berandęrę /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ.ɾɛ/	berandęr /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛɾ/	berandi /ˈbe.ɾan.di/	berandęr /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛɾ/

By the 11th century, only one adjective (sanns "true") displayed this declension. It is considerably irregular:

	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	sanns /ˈsanːs/	sęnner /ˈsɛn.nr̩/	sęnni /ˈsɛn.ni/	sęnnor /ˈsɛn.noɾ/	sann /ˈsanː/	sann /ˈsanː/
Vocative	sann /ˈsanː/	sęnner /ˈsɛn.nr̩/	sęnni /ˈsɛn.ni/	sęnnor /ˈsɛn.noɾ/	sann /ˈsanː/	sann /ˈsanː/
Accusative	sanne /ˈsan.nə/	sǫnnen /ˈsɔn.nn̩/	sęnna /ˈsɛn.na/	sęnnur /ˈsɛn.nuɾ/	sann /ˈsanː/	sann /ˈsanː/
Genitive	sunder /ˈsun.dr̩/	sundęra /ˈsun.dɛ.ɾaː/	syndęrur /ˈsyn.dɛ.ɾuɾ/	syndęra /ˈsyn.dɛ.ɾaː/	sunder /ˈsun.dr̩/	sundęra /ˈsun.dɛ.ɾaː/
Dative	sundi /ˈsun.di/	sundęmer /ˈsun.dɛ.mr̩/	syndęrę /ˈsyn.dɛ.ɾɛ/	syndęmer /ˈsyn.dɛ.mr̩/	sundi /ˈsun.di/	sundęmer /ˈsun.dɛ.mr̩/
Instrumental	sundi /ˈsun.di/	sundęmer /ˈsun.dɛ.mr̩/	syndęru /ˈsyn.dɛ.ɾu/	syndęmer /ˈsyn.dɛ.mr̩/	sundi /ˈsun.di/	sundęmer /ˈsun.dɛ.mr̩/
Locative†	sundi /ˈsun.di/	sundęr /ˈsun.dɛɾ/	syndęrę /ˈsyn.dɛ.ɾɛ/	syndęr /ˈsyn.dɛɾ/	sundi /ˈsun.di/	sundęr /ˈsun.dɛɾ/

This adjective is not to be confused with the noun syndi ("sin"), with which it shares the same etymology.

By the 13th century, even this adjective had largely regularised, but adapting both strong and weak endings. However, it still retains its umlauted feminine form (sęnn-) even in the modern day.

Irregular adjectives

The following adjectives are irregular:

Adjective	Adverb	Comparative	Comparative adverb	Superlative	Meaning
gooder	wel	bętiro	bęter	bętister	good
ybiler	wirser	wirsiro	wirser	wirsister	bad, evil
mikiler	mikiles	męęro	męęr	męęster	great, large, much
liitiler	liitiles	minniro	minner	minnister	small, little
alder	aldes	ęlliro	ęller	ęllister	old
junger	junges	yyhiro	yyher	yyhister	young

Numerals

The cardinal numeral ęęner (1) declines as a strong adjective. The cardinal numeral twęę (2) declines as follows:

	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative Vocative	twęę /ˈtwɛː/	twoor /ˈtwoːɾ/	twoo /ˈtwoː/
Accusative	twann /ˈtwanː/	twoor /ˈtwoːɾ/	twoo /ˈtwoː/
Genitive	twęja /ˈtwɛ.jaː/
Dative	twęęmer /ˈtwɛː.mr̩/
Instrumental	tweemer /ˈtweː.mr̩/
Locative†	*twöör /ˈtwøːɾ/

The cardinal numeral þriir (3) declines as follows:

	Masculine Feminine	Neuter
Nominative Vocative	þriir /ˈθɾiːɾ/	þriju /ˈθɾi.ju/
Accusative	þrinn /ˈθɾinː/	þriju /ˈθɾi.ju/
Genitive	þrija /ˈθɾi.jaː/
Dative Instrumental	þrimer /ˈθɾi.mr̩/
Locative†	*þryr /ˈθɾyɾ/

Note that the typical /ij/ → /j/ sound change does not affect the þrij- forms, as */θɾj/ is a forbidden onset.

The cardinal numerals from 4 to 13 decline as follows:

	4		5		6		7		8
Nominative Vocative	födorer /ˈfø.do.ɾr̩/	födor /ˈfø.doɾ/	feffer /ˈfef.fr̩/	feff /ˈfefː/	sekser /ˈsek.sr̩/	seks /ˈseks/	söbuner /ˈsø.bu.nr̩/	söben /ˈsø.bn̩/	ahtor /ˈax.tor/	ahto /ˈax.to/
Accusative	födoren /ˈfø.do.ɾn̩/	födor /ˈfø.doɾ/	feffen /ˈfef.fn̩/	feff /ˈfefː/	seksen /ˈsek.sn̩/	seks /ˈseks/	söbunen /ˈsø.bu.nn̩/	söben /ˈsø.bn̩/	ahton /ˈax.ton/	ahto /ˈax.to/
Genitive	födura /ˈfø.du.ɾaː/		feffa /ˈfef.faː/		seksa /ˈsek.saː/		söbuna /ˈsø.bu.naː/		ahtowa /ˈax.to.waː/
Dative Instrumental	födurmer /ˈfø.duɾ.mr̩/		föffumer /ˈføf.fu.mr̩/		söksumer /ˈsøk.su.mr̩/		söbummer /ˈsø.bum.mr̩/		ahtomer /ˈax.to.mr̩/
Locative†	*födurs /ˈfø.duɾs/		*föffs /ˈføfːs/		*söks /ˈsøks/		*söben /ˈsø.bn̩/		*ahtor /ˈax.toɾ/
	9		10		11		12		13
Nominative Vocative	njoner /ˈɲo.nr̩/	njon /ˈɲon/	töhuner /ˈtø.xu.nr̩/	töhen /ˈtø.xn̩/	ęęnaliboner /ˈɛː.na.li.bo.nr̩/	ęęnaliben /ˈɛː.na.li.bn̩/	twęliber /ˈtwɛ.li.br̩/	twęlep /ˈtwɛ.ləp/	þritahuner /ˈθɾi.ta.xu.nr̩/	þritahen /ˈθɾi.ta.xn̩/
Accusative	njonen /ˈɲo.nn̩/	njon /ˈɲon/	töhunen /ˈtø.xu.nn̩/	töhen /ˈtø.xn̩/	ęęnalibonen /ˈɛː.na.li.bo.nn̩/	ęęnaliben /ˈɛː.na.li.bn̩/	twęliben /ˈtwɛ.li.bn̩/	twęlep /ˈtwɛ.ləp/	þritahunen /ˈθɾi.ta.xu.nn̩/	þritahen /ˈθɾi.ta.xn̩/
Genitive	njona /ˈɲo.naː/		töhuna /ˈtø.xu.naː/		ęęnalibona /ˈɛː.na.li.bo.naː/		twęliba /ˈtwɛ.li.baː/		þritahuna /ˈθɾi.ta.xu.naː/
Dative Instrumental	njommer /ˈɲom.mr̩/		töhummer /ˈtø.xum.mr̩/		ęęnalibonumer /ˈɛː.na.li.bo.nu.mr̩/		twęlibumer /ˈtwɛ.li.bu.mr̩/		þritahummer /ˈθɾi.ta.xum.mr̩/
Locative†	*njunn /ˈɲunː/		*töhen /ˈtø.xn̩/		*ęęnalibon /ˈɛː.na.li.bon/		*twęlifs /ˈtwɛ.lifs/		*þritahen /ˈθɾi.ta.xn̩/

The numerals from 14 to 19 decline identically to the numeral for 13. Note that unlike the numerals 1 to 3, these use the neuter forms as the lemma rather than the masculine/feminine (with the declined forms for all numerals above four being an innovation).

The numerals from 14 to 19 are as follows:

14	födortahen /ˈfø.doɾ.ta.xn̩/	17	söbuntahen /ˈsø.bun.ta.xn̩/
15	fefftahen /ˈfefː.ta.xn̩/	18	ahtotahen /ˈax.to.ta.xn̩/
16	sekstahen /ˈseks.ta.xn̩/	19	njontahen /ˈɲon.ta.xn̩/

Cardinal numerals 20 and greater are syntactically nouns, rather than determiners, meaning that the noun it modifies must be declined in the genitive plural.

The form of the decades varies with dialect, with the Lobehaben and Widberg dialects differing in their formation.

In the Lobehaben dialect, the decades are suffixed with a variant of -hund- (not to be confused with hundarat "hundred"), which is neuter. It declines as follows:

	Dual	Plural
Nominative	-hundi /xun.di/	-hundu /xun.du/
Vocative	-hundi /xun.di/	-hundu /xun.du/
Accusative	-hundi /xun.di/	-hundu /xun.du/
Genitive	-hunda /xun.daː/
Dative	-hundamer /xun.da.mr̩/
Instrumental	-hundamer /xun.da.mr̩/
Locative†	*-hundęr /xun.dɛɾ/

The decades are listed below:

20	wyyhundi /ˈwyː.xun.di/	60	seksehundu /ˈsek.se.xun.du/
30	þryyhundu /ˈθɾyː.xun.du/	70	söbuntehundu /ˈsø.bun.te.xun.du/
40	födurhundu /ˈfø.duɾ.xun.du/	80	ahtotehundu /ˈax.to.te.xun.du/
50	feffehundu /ˈfef.fe.xun.du/	90	njontehundu /ˈɲon.te.xun.du/

In the Widberg dialect, the decades are suffixed with -tigir, which declines as a masculine u-stem plural noun:

Nominative	-tigir /ti.giɾ/
Vocative	-tigir /ti.giɾ/
Accusative	-tigen /ti.gn̩/
Genitive	-tiga /ti.gaː/
Dative	-tigumer /ti.gu.mr̩/
Instrumental	-tigumer /ti.gu.mr̩/
Locative†	*-tigur /ti.guɾ/

The decades are listed below:

20	tweetigir /ˈtweː.ti.giɾ/	60	sikstigir /ˈsiks.ti.giɾ/
30	þriirtigir /ˈθɾiːɾ.ti.giɾ/	70	söbuntigir /ˈsø.bun.ti.giɾ/
40	födortigir /ˈfø.doɾ.ti.giɾ/	80	ahtotigir /ˈax.to.ti.giɾ/
50	fifftigir /ˈfiff.ti.giɾ/	90	njöntigir /ˈɲøn.ti.giɾ/

One should note that for 20, 30 and 40 the twee, þriir and födor decline as if they were separate (with i-umlaut affecting twęę, giving twee and twęnn; the locative of tweetigir is presumed to be *twöörutigur).

The cardinal numeral hundarat (100) is declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	hundarat /ˈxun.da.ɾat/	hundaradu /ˈxun.da.ɾa.du/
Vocative	hundarat /ˈxun.da.ɾat/	hundaradu /ˈxun.da.ɾa.du/
Accusative	hundarat /ˈxun.da.ɾat/	hundaradu /ˈxun.da.ɾa.du/
Genitive	hundarades /ˈxun.da.ɾa.dəs/	hundarada /ˈxun.da.ɾa.daː/
Dative	hundaradę /ˈxun.da.ɾa.dɛ/	hundaradamer /ˈxun.da.ɾa.da.mr̩/
Instrumental	hundaradu /ˈxun.da.ɾa.du/	hundaradamer /ˈxun.da.ɾa.da.mr̩/
Locative†	*hundaradi /ˈxun.da.ɾa.di/	*hundaradęr /ˈxun.da.ɾa.dɛɾ/

Even though the singular form is semantically plural, it is still considered "singular" in the grammar, and thus determiners, adjectives and verbs that agree with it take the singular. This only applies to 100; additive compounds always take plural agreement. Multiples are denoted by a numeral directly preceding hundarat declined as a neuter (e.g. twoo hundaradu "two hundred").

The cardinal numeral þuusundi (1000) is declined as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	þuusundi /ˈθuː.sun.di/	þuusundor /ˈθuː.sun.doɾ/
Vocative	þuusundi /ˈθuː.sun.di/	þuusundor /ˈθuː.sun.doɾ/
Accusative	þuusunda /ˈθuː.sun.da/	þuusundur /ˈθuː.sun.duɾ/
Genitive	þuusundur /ˈθuː.sun.duɾ/	þuusunda /ˈθuː.sun.daː/
Dative	þuusundę /ˈθuː.sun.dɛ/	þuusundomer /ˈθuː.sun.do.mr̩/
Instrumental	þuusundu /ˈθuː.sun.du/	þuusundomer /ˈθuː.sun.do.mr̩/
Locative†	*þuusundę /ˈθuː.sun.dɛ/	*þuusundur /ˈθuː.sun.duɾ/

Like hundarat, this numeral's singular form, despite being semantically plural, is grammatically singular. Multiples use preceding numerals in their feminine forms (e.g. twoor þuusundor).

The ordinal numerals are listed below:

1	fyrister /ˈfy.ɾis.tr̩/	11	ęęnalifto /ˈɛː.na.lif.to/			100	hundarasto /ˈxun.da.ɾas.to/	1000	þuusosto /ˈθuː.sos.to/
2	annarer /ˈan.na.ɾr̩/	12	twęlifto /ˈtwɛ.lif.to/	20	wyyhunsto /ˈwyː.huns.to/ tweetihto /ˈtweː.tix.to/
3	þrizo /ˈθɾi.zo/	13	þritahundo /ˈθɾi.ta.hun.do/	30	þryyhunsto /ˈθɾyː.huns.to/ þriirtihto /ˈθɾiːɾ.tix.to/
4	födurþo /ˈfø.duɾ.θo/	14	födortahundo /ˈfø.doɾ.ta.hun.do/	40	födurhunsto /ˈfø.duɾ.huns.to/ födortihto /ˈfø.doɾ.tix.to/
5	feffto /ˈfefː.to/	15	fefftahundo /ˈfefː.ta.hun.do/	50	feffehunsto /ˈfef.fe.huns.to/ fifftihto /ˈfifː.tix.to/
6	seksto /ˈseks.to/	16	sekstahundo /ˈseks.ta.hun.do/	60	seksehunsto /ˈsek.se.huns.to/ sikstihto /ˈsiks.tix.to/
7	söbundo /ˈsø.bun.do/	17	söbuntahundo /ˈsø.bun.ta.hun.do/	70	söbuntehunsto /ˈsø.bun.te.huns.to/ söbuntihto /ˈsø.bun.tix.to/
8	ǫhtudo /ˈɔx.tu.do/	18	ahtotahundo /ˈax.to.ta.hun.do/	80	ahtotehunsto /ˈax.to.te.huns.to/ ahtotihto /ˈax.to.tix.to/
9	njondo /ˈɲon.do/	19	njontahundo /ˈɲon.ta.hun.do/	90	njontehunsto /ˈɲon.te.huns.to/ njöntihto /ˈɲøn.tix.to/
10	töhundo /ˈtø.hun.do/

Pronouns

Personal pronouns

Old Blylandic has personal pronouns in the first and second person; demonstratives are used for the third person. Unlike all other nouns and pronouns, which only have singular and plural forms, personal pronouns also possess dual forms, which refer to exactly two referents. Personal pronouns do not distinguish gender.

	First person			Second person			Reflexive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative Vocative	ek /ˈek/	wet /ˈwet/	wiir /ˈwiːr/	þuu /ˈθuː/	jut /ˈjut/	juur /ˈjuːr/
Accusative	mek /ˈmek/	unk /ˈunk/	oss /ˈosː/	þek /ˈθek/	ink /ˈink/	ir /ˈiɾ/	sek /ˈsek/
Genitive	miiner /ˈmiː.nr̩/	unkarer /ˈun.ka.ɾr̩/	ossarer /ˈos.sa.ɾr̩/	þiiner /ˈθiː.nr̩/	inqarer /ˈin.kʷa.ɾr̩/	yrarer /ˈy.ɾa.ɾr̩/	siiner /ˈsiː.nr̩/
Dative	mir /ˈmiɾ/	unker /ˈun.kr̩/	osser /ˈos.sr̩/	þir /ˈθiɾ/	inqer /ˈin.kʷr̩/	yrer /ˈy.ɾr̩/	sir /ˈsiɾ/
Instrumental	mir /ˈmiɾ/	ynker /ˈyn.kr̩/	össer /ˈøs.sr̩/	þir /ˈθiɾ/	inqer /ˈin.kʷr̩/	yrer /ˈy.ɾr̩/	sir /ˈsiɾ/
Locative†	*mii /ˈmiː/	*unks /ˈunks/	*uss /ˈus/	*þii /ˈθiː/	*ynks /ˈinks/	*yrer /ˈy.ɾr̩/	sii /ˈsiː/

The "genitive" forms listed above are actually possessive pronouns, which decline as strong adjectives. The locative forms given above are reconstructed except for the reflexive (which is attested once); the singular is based off the reflexive, while the dual and plural forms are assumed to use the usual locative plural suffix.

Interrogatives

There are three sets of interrogative pronouns. The first, the general interrogative, is declined as follows:

	Common	Neuter
Nominative	hwar /ˈʍaɾ/	hwat /ˈʍat/
Accusative	hwana /ˈʍa.na/	hwat /ˈʍat/
Genitive	hwes /ˈʍes/
Dative	hwammę /ˈʍam.mɛ/
Instrumental	hwii /ˈʍiː/
Locative†	hwęm /ˈʍɛm/

This pronoun is highly defective, and possesses only singular forms, even if the referent is known to be plural. Predictably, it lacks a vocative. There are no attested feminine forms (which would be *hwoo, *hwon, *hwerur, *hwerę and *hweru).

The other two interrogative pronouns are hwęrer (which of many) and hwaþarer (which of two), which both decline as strong adjectives.

Demonstratives

There are three levels of demonstratives in Old Blylandic. The existence of a demonstrative in a noun phrase forces the use of the weak adjective declension for adjectives that can be declined in the weak declension.

The following is the proximal demonstrative:

	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative	hir /ˈxiɾ/	hiir /ˈxiːɾ/	hju /ˈçu/	hjor /ˈçoɾ/	hit /ˈxit/	hju /ˈçu/
Vocative	hi /ˈxi/	hiir /ˈxiːɾ/	hju /ˈçu/	hjor /ˈçoɾ/	hit /ˈxit/	hju /ˈçu/
Accusative	hina /ˈxi.na/	hinn /ˈxinː/	hja /ˈça/	hjur /ˈçuɾ/	hit /ˈxit/	hju /ˈçu/
Genitive	hes /ˈxes/	hera /ˈxe.ɾaː/	herur /ˈxe.ɾuɾ/	hera /ˈxe.ɾaː/	hes /ˈxes/	hera /ˈxe.ɾaː/
Dative	himmę /ˈxim.mɛ/	himer /ˈxi.mr̩/	herę /ˈxe.ɾɛ/	himer /ˈxi.mr̩/	himmę /ˈxim.mɛ/	himer /ˈxi.mr̩/
Instrumental	hinu /ˈxi.nu/	himer /ˈxi.mr̩/	heru /ˈxe.ɾu/	himer /ˈxi.mr̩/	hinu /ˈxi.nu/	himer /ˈxi.mr̩/
Locative†	him /ˈxim/	hyr /ˈxyɾ/	herę /ˈxe.ɾɛ/	hyr /ˈxyɾ/	him /ˈxim/	hyr /ˈxyɾ/

The following is the medial demonstrative:

	Masculine		Feminine		Neuter
	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural	Singular	Plural
Nominative Vocative	sa /ˈsa/	þęę /ˈθɛː/	soo /ˈsoː/	þoor /ˈθoːɾ/	þat /ˈθat/	þoo /ˈθoː/
Accusative	þana /ˈθa.na/	þann /ˈθanː/	þon /ˈθon/	þoor /ˈθoːɾ/	þat /ˈθat/	þoo /ˈθoː/
Genitive	þas /ˈθas/	þęęra /ˈθɛː.ɾaː/	þęęrur /ˈθɛː.ɾuɾ/	þęęra /ˈθɛː.ɾaː/	þas /ˈθas/	þęęra /ˈθɛː.ɾaː/
Dative	þammę /ˈθam.mɛ/	þęęmer /ˈθɛː.mr̩/	þęęrę /ˈθɛː.ɾɛ/	þęęmer /ˈθɛː.mr̩/	þammę /ˈθam.mɛ/	þęęmer /ˈθɛː.mr̩/
Instrumental	þanu /ˈθa.nu/	þeemer /ˈθeː.mr̩/	þęęru /ˈθɛː.ɾu/	þeemer /ˈθeː.mr̩/	þanu /ˈθa.nu/	þeemer /ˈθeː.mr̩/
Locative†	þęm /ˈθɛm/	þöör /ˈθøːɾ/	þęęrę /ˈθɛː.ɾɛ/	þöör /ˈθøːɾ/	þęm /ˈθɛm/	þöör /ˈθøːɾ/

This can also be used as a definite article.

The distal demonstrative jęęner declines as a strong adjective.

Verbs

Verbs in Old Blylandic conjugate for two tenses (present and past) and three moods (indicative, subjunctive and imperative), and agree with the subject in person and number. Many verbs also have third person present passive forms, which even by the time of Old Blylandic have become archaic (the preferred way to form passives is to suffix the verb with -sik). Non-third person passive forms in the entire Old Blylandic corpus are extremely rare, although one prominent non-third person passive form in the corpus is hęętę ("I am called"), which is itself a fossilisation (the typical first person singular form would be *-amę, based on Runic Blylandic -amai).

Strong verbs

Strong verbs are a large, but closed class of verbs in Old Blylandic. They form their past tense via ablaut or reduplication.

The following is a typical example of a strong verb:

	Singular			Dual		Plural
	First	Second	Third	First	Second	First	Second	Third
Indicative mood
Present	beru /ˈbe.ɾu/	birir /ˈbi.ɾiɾ/	biris /ˈbi.ɾis/	berur /ˈbe.ɾuɾ/	berader /ˈbe.ɾa.dr̩/	beramer /ˈbe.ɾa.mr̩/	biret /ˈbi.ɾət/	berant /ˈbe.ɾant/
Past	bar /ˈbaɾ/	bart /ˈbaɾt/	bar /ˈbaɾ/	bǫǫru /ˈbɔː.ɾu/	bǫǫruder /ˈbɔː.ɾu.dr̩/	bǫǫrem /ˈbɔː.ɾm̩/	bǫǫret /ˈbɔː.ɾət/	bǫǫren /ˈbɔː.ɾn̩/
Passive	*beramę /ˈbe.ɾa.mɛ/	*berarę /ˈbe.ɾa.ɾɛ/	beradę /ˈbe.ɾa.dɛ/	*berostę /ˈbe.ɾos.tɛ/	*beradistę /ˈbe.ɾa.dis.tɛ/	*beramastę /ˈbe.ɾa.mas.tɛ/	*berassę /ˈbe.ɾas.sɛ/	berandę /ˈbe.ɾan.dɛ/
Subjunctive mood
Present	bera /ˈbe.ɾa/	beręr /ˈbe.ɾɛɾ/	berę /ˈbe.ɾɛ/	berǫ /ˈbe.ɾɔ/	beręder /ˈbe.ɾɛ.dr̩/	beręm /ˈbe.ɾɛm/	beręt /ˈbe.ɾɛt/	beręn /ˈbe.ɾɛn/
Past	bęęrę /ˈbɛː.ɾɛ/	bęęrir /ˈbɛː.ɾiɾ/	bęęri /ˈbɛː.ɾi/	bęęry /ˈbɛː.ɾy/	bęęrider /ˈbɛː.ɾi.dr̩/	bęęrim /ˈbɛː.ɾim/	bęęrit /ˈbɛː.ɾit/	bęęrin /ˈbɛː.ɾin/
Passive	*beręmǫ /ˈbe.ɾɛ.mɔ/	*beręrǫ /ˈbe.ɾɛ.ɾɔ/	berędǫ /ˈbe.ɾɛ.dɔ/	*berǫtǫ /ˈbe.ɾɔ.tɔ/	*berędistǫ /ˈbe.ɾɛ.dis.tɔ/	*beręntǫ /ˈbe.ɾɛn.tɔ/	*beręssǫ /ˈbe.ɾɛs.sɔ/	beręndǫ /ˈbe.ɾɛn.dɔ/
Imperative mood
	—	ber /ˈbeɾ/	beradǫ /ˈbe.ɾa.dɔ/	—	berader /ˈbe.ɾa.dr̩/	—	biret /ˈbi.ɾət/	berandǫ /ˈbe.ɾan.dɔ/
Non-finite forms
Infinitive				beran /ˈbe.ɾan/
Present participle				berando /ˈbe.ɾan.do/
Past participle				boraner /ˈbo.ɾa.nr̩/
Gerund				beringu /ˈbe.ɾiŋ.gu/

There are several classes of strong verbs, which possess five or six principal parts. The ablauting classes are listed below:

Class	Infinitive	3sg Pres. Ind.	3sg Past Ind.	3pl Past Ind.	3sg Past Subj.	Past Participle
1	riidan	riidis	ręęt	ryden	ridi	ridaner
2	löödan luukan	lyydis	lǫǫt	luden	lydi	lodaner skubaner
3a	bindan fennan þiiho	bindis þiihis	bant þaah	bunden	byndi	bundaner
3b	werþan	wirþis	wart	urden	yrdi	(w)ordaner hulpaner
4	neman	nimis	nam	nǫǫmen	nęęmi	numaner stolaner
5	geban bizan	gibis	gap	gǫǫben	gęębi	gebaner
6	hlaþan skępan	hlęþis	hloot	hlooden	hlöödi	hladaner

For some categories, the past participle may either have /o/ or /u/. The vowel used is dependent on the consonant(s) following it. Not shown are possible consonant alternations (e.g. fennan, finnis, fann vs. fanst, funden), although they can be figured out from the principal parts (in particular, /z/ solely originates from palatalised /d/).

The reduplicating classes are listed below:

Class	Infinitive	3sg Pres. Ind.	3sg Past Ind.	3pl Past Ind.	3sg Past Subj.	Past Participle
7a	hęętan	heetis	hegęt	hihten	hihti	hęętaner
7b	hlǫǫpan	hlööpis	hlelǫp	hlölpen	hlölpi	hlǫǫpaner
7c	haldan	hęldis	hegalt	hölden	höldi	haldaner
7d	laatan	lęętis	lelut	lölten	lölti	laataner
7e	blootan	blöötis	blelut	blölten	blölti	blootaner

Note that the reduplicating classes only have five principal parts, instead of the six possessed by the ablauting classes.

Weak verbs

The weak verbs represent a class of verbs whose past tense forms end in a dental suffix (as opposed to being marked by ablaut or reduplication, as with the strong verbs). There are several classes of weak verbs, distinguished only by how they form their past tense. The verb hęban, while weak, is considered to be irregular due to its anomalous present tense.

The conjugation of a typical weak verb is as follows:

	Singular			Dual		Plural
	First	Second	Third	First	Second	First	Second	Third
Indicative mood
Present	warnu /ˈwaɾ.nu/	węrnir /ˈwɛɾ.niɾ/	węrnis /ˈwɛɾ.nis/	warnur /ˈwaɾ.nuɾ/	warnader /ˈwaɾ.na.dr̩/	warnamer /ˈwaɾ.na.mr̩/	węrnet /ˈwɛɾ.nət/	warnant /ˈwaɾ.nant/
Past	warnoda /ˈwaɾ.no.da/	warnodir /ˈwaɾ.no.diɾ/	warnodi /ˈwaɾ.no.di/	warnodedu /ˈwaɾ.no.de.du/	warnodeduder /ˈwaɾ.no.de.du.dr̩/	warnodedem /ˈwaɾ.no.de.dm̩/	warnodedet /ˈwaɾ.no.de.dət/	warnodeden /ˈwaɾ.no.de.dn̩/
Passive	*warnamę /ˈwaɾ.na.mɛ/	*warnarę /ˈwaɾ.na.ɾɛ/	warnadę /ˈwaɾ.na.dɛ/	*warnostę /ˈwaɾ.nos.tɛ/	*warnadistę /ˈwaɾ.na.dis.tɛ/	*warnamastę /ˈwaɾ.na.mas.tɛ/	*warnassę /ˈwaɾ.nas.sɛ/	warnandę /ˈwaɾ.nan.dɛ/
Subjunctive mood
Present	warna /ˈwaɾ.na/	warnęr /ˈwaɾ.nɛɾ/	warnę /ˈwaɾ.nɛ/	warnǫ /ˈwaɾ.nɔ/	warnęder /ˈwaɾ.nɛ.dr̩/	warnęm /ˈwaɾ.nɛm/	warnęt /ˈwaɾ.nɛt/	warnęn /ˈwaɾ.nɛn/
Past	warnodedę /ˈwaɾ.no.de.dɛ/	warnodedir /ˈwaɾ.no.de.diɾ/	warnodedi /ˈwaɾ.no.de.di/	warnodedy /ˈwaɾ.no.de.dy/	warnodedider /ˈwaɾ.no.de.di.dr̩/	warnodedim /ˈwaɾ.no.de.dim/	warnodedit /ˈwaɾ.no.de.dit/	warnodedin /ˈwaɾ.no.de.din/
Passive	*warnęmǫ /ˈwaɾ.nɛ.mɔ/	*warnęrǫ /ˈwaɾ.nɛ.ɾɔ/	warnędǫ /ˈwaɾ.nɛ.dɔ/	*warnǫtǫ /ˈwaɾ.nɔ.tɔ/	*warnędistǫ /ˈwaɾ.nɛ.dis.tɔ/	*warnęntǫ /ˈwaɾ.nɛn.tɔ/	*warnęssǫ /ˈwaɾ.nɛs.sɔ/	warnęndǫ /ˈwaɾ.nɛn.dɔ/
Imperative mood
	—	warn /ˈwaɾn/	warnadǫ /ˈwaɾ.na.dɔ/	—	warnader /ˈwaɾ.na.dr̩/	—	węrnet /ˈwɛɾ.nət/	warnandǫ /ˈwaɾ.nan.dɔ/
Non-finite forms
Infinitive				warnon /ˈwaɾ.non/
Present participle				warnondo /ˈwaɾ.non.do/
Past participle				warnoder /ˈwaɾ.no.dr̩/
Gerund				warningu /ˈwaɾ.niŋ.gu/

There are two general classes of weak verbs, distinguished by their infinitive:

Class	Infinitive	3sg Pres. Ind.	3sg Past Ind.	3pl Past Ind.	3sg Past Subj.	Past Participle
1	fęllan	fęllis	fęllidi	fęllideden	fęllidedi	fęllider
2	warnon	węrnis	warnodi	warnodeden	warnodedi	warnoder

Weak verbs only have three principal parts; all past forms can be derived from the past participle.

There are a few verbs which do not fit into this classification. These include the suffixless weak verbs (e.g. bringan/bringis/braahter). While they are not classified into one of the two main classes, they are still considered regular.

Preterite-present verbs

The preterite-present verbs are a small group of verbs whose present forms resemble the past forms of the strong verbs. Their past forms are conjugated as weak verbs. They do not have passive or imperative forms.

The following is an example conjugation of a preterite-present verb:

	Singular			Dual		Plural
	First	Second	Third	First	Second	First	Second	Third
Indicative mood
Present	skal /ˈskal/	skalt /ˈskalt/	skal /ˈskal/	skulu /ˈsku.lu/	skuluder /ˈsku.lu.dr̩/	skulem /ˈsku.lm̩/	skulet /ˈsku.lət/	skulen /ˈsku.ln̩/
Past	skolda /ˈskol.da/	skoldir /ˈskol.diɾ/	skoldi /ˈskol.di/	skoldedu /ˈskol.de.du/	skoldeduder /ˈskol.de.du.dr̩/	skoldedem /ˈskol.de.dm̩/	skoldedet /ˈskol.de.dət/	skoldeden /ˈskol.de.dn̩/
Subjunctive mood
Present	skylę /ˈsky.lɛ/	skylir /ˈsky.liɾ/	skyli /ˈsky.li/	skyly /ˈsky.ly/	skylider /ˈsky.li.dr̩/	skylim /ˈsky.lim/	skylit /ˈsky.lit/	skylin /ˈsky.lin/
Past	skoldedę /ˈskol.de.dɛ/	skoldedir /ˈskol.de.diɾ/	skoldedi /ˈskol.de.di/	skoldedy /ˈskol.de.dy/	skoldedider /ˈskol.de.di.dr̩/	skoldedim /ˈskol.de.dim/	skoldedit /ˈskol.de.dit/	skoldedin /ˈskol.de.din/
Imperative mood
	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Non-finite forms
Infinitive				skolan /ˈsko.lan/
Present participle				skolando /ˈsko.lan.do/
Past participle				skolder /ˈskol.dr̩/
Gerund				skolingu /ˈsko.liŋ.gu/

The following preterite-present verbs are attested in Old Blylandic:

Infinitive	3sg Pres. Ind.	3pl Pres. Ind.	3sg Pres. Subj.	Past Participle	Meaning
dogan	dǫǫk	dugen	dygi	dohter	to be useful
dorsan	dars	dursen	dyrsi	dorster	to dare
ęęgan	ęęh	öögen	eegi	ęęhter	to own, to possess, to have
ganogan	ganah	ganugen	ganygi	ganohter	to suffice, to be enough
konnan	kann	kunnen	könni	konner	to know (to be familiar with), to be able to
magan	mak	mǫgen	męgi	mahter	to be able to (circumstantially)
mootan	moot	mooten	mööti	mooser	to be allowed/permitted
munan	man	munen	myni	munder	to think, to remember
njoran	njar	njuren	nyri	njorder	not to be (negative existential)
onnan	ann	unnen	önni	onner	to grant, to bestow
oran	ar	uren	yri	order	to be (existential)
skolan	skal	skulen	skyli	skolder	future tense auxillary
witan	węęt	wyten	witi	wisser	to know
þurban	þarp	þurben	þyrbi	þurfter	to need, to require

Preterite-present verbs, like reduplicating strong verbs, have five principal parts. However, their set of principal parts is different, to account for their anomalous present tense.

Irregular verbs

The copula is the most irregular verb in Old Blylandic. It consists of two separate verbs which happen to share past tense forms.

	Singular			Dual		Plural
	First	Second	Third	First	Second	First	Second	Third
Indicative mood
Present	em /ˈem/ byym /ˈbyːm/	ir /ˈiɾ/ byysj /ˈbyːɕ/	is /ˈis/ byys /ˈbyːs/	yrur /ˈy.ɾuɾ/ swar /ˈswaɾ/ böör /ˈbøːɾ/	yruder /ˈy.ɾu.dr̩/ stir /ˈstiɾ/ byyþer /ˈbyː.θr̩/	yrumer /ˈy.ɾu.mr̩/ sumer /ˈsu.mr̩/ böömer /ˈbøː.mr̩/	yret /ˈy.ɾət/ ste /ˈste/ bööt /ˈbøːt/	sint /ˈsint/ byynt /ˈbyːnt/
Past	was /ˈwas/	wast /ˈwast/	was /ˈwas/	wǫǫru /ˈwɔː.ɾu/	wǫǫruder /ˈwɔː.ɾu.dr̩/	wǫǫrem /ˈwɔː.ɾm̩/	wǫǫret /ˈwɔː.ɾət/	wǫǫren /ˈwɔː.ɾn̩/
Subjunctive mood
Present	sja /ˈɕa/ byja /ˈby.ja/	sjer /ˈɕeɾ/ byjęr /ˈby.jɛɾ/	sje /ˈɕe/ byję /ˈby.jɛ/	syy /ˈsyː/ byy /ˈbyː/	siider /ˈsiː.dr̩/ biwider /ˈbi.wi.dr̩/	siim /ˈsiːm/ biwim /ˈbi.wim/	siit /ˈsiːt/ biwit /ˈbi.wit/	siin /ˈsiːn/ biwin /ˈbi.win/
Past	węęrę /ˈwɛː.ɾɛ/	węęrir /ˈwɛː.ɾiɾ/	węęri /ˈwɛː.ɾi/	węęry /ˈwɛː.ɾy/	węęrider /ˈwɛː.ɾi.dr̩/	węęrim /ˈwɛː.ɾim/	węęrit /ˈwɛː.ɾit/	węęrin /ˈwɛː.ɾin/
Imperative mood
	—	wes /ˈwes/ böö /ˈbøː/	wesadǫ /ˈwe.sa.dɔ/ bööþǫ /ˈbøː.θɔ/	—	wesader /ˈwe.sa.dr̩/ byyþer /ˈbyː.θr̩/	—	wiset /ˈwi.sət/ bööt /ˈbøː.t/	wesandǫ /ˈwe.san.dɔ/ böönnǫ /ˈbøːn.nɔ/
Non-finite forms
Infinitive				wesan /ˈwe.san/ böön /ˈbøːn/
Present participle				wesando /ˈwe.san.do/
Past participle				weraner /ˈwe.ɾa.nr̩/
Gerund				wesingu /ˈwe.siŋ.gu/

In Old Blylandic, the first forms given were predominatly used. The forms beginning with b- occurred more often in older forms of the language, and were used to express permanent truths (similar to how beon was used in Old English). The forms swar, stir, sumer and ste were rare throughout the entire Old Blylandic corpus.

Related is the verb mesan, the negative copula, and is used to negate verbs when combined with the infinitive:

	Singular			Dual		Plural
	First	Second	Third	First	Second	First	Second	Third
Indicative mood
Present	nem /ˈnem/	nir /ˈniɾ/	nis /ˈnis/	nyrur /ˈny.ɾuɾ/ nissur /ˈnis.suɾ/	nyruder /ˈny.ɾu.dr̩/ nister /ˈnis.tr̩/	nyrumer /ˈny.ɾu.mr̩/ nissumer /ˈnis.su.mr̩/	nyret /ˈny.ɾət/ nist /ˈnist/	nissint /ˈnis.sint/
Past	mas /ˈmas/	mast /ˈmast/	mas /ˈmas/	mǫǫru /ˈmɔː.ɾu/	mǫǫruder /ˈmɔː.ɾu.dr̩/	mǫǫrem /ˈmɔː.ɾm̩/	mǫǫret /ˈmɔː.ɾət/	mǫǫren /ˈmɔː.ɾn̩/
Subjunctive mood
Present	nissja /ˈniɕ.ɕa/	nissjer /ˈniɕ.ɕeɾ/	nissje /ˈniɕ.ɕe/	nissy /ˈnis.sy/	nissider /ˈnis.si.dr̩/	nissim /ˈnis.sim/	nissit /ˈnis.sit/	nissin /ˈnis.sin/
Past	męęrę /ˈmɛː.ɾɛ/	męęrir /ˈmɛː.ɾiɾ/	męęri /ˈmɛː.ɾi/	męęry /ˈmɛː.ɾy/	męęrider /ˈmɛː.ɾi.dr̩/	męęrim /ˈmɛː.ɾim/	męęrit /ˈmɛː.ɾit/	męęrin /ˈmɛː.ɾin/
Imperative mood
	—	mes /ˈmes/	mesadǫ /ˈme.sa.dɔ/	—	mesader /ˈme.sa.dr̩/	—	miset /ˈmi.sət/	mesandǫ /ˈme.san.dɔ/
Non-finite forms
Infinitive				mesan /ˈme.san/
Present participle				mesando /ˈme.san.do/
Past participle				meraner /ˈme.ɾa.nr̩/
Gerund				mesingu /ˈme.siŋ.gu/

This is derived from ni + wesan. The particle ni itself, however, is archaic even in Old Blylandic in its role as a verbal negator. The forms nissur, nister, nissumer and nist were rare throughout the entire Old Blylandic corpus.

Neither wesan nor mesan may be used as an existential, nor used to indicate the location of a subject. The verbs oran and njoran are used instead.

The verb doon ("to do") is irregular:

	Singular			Dual		Plural
	First	Second	Third	First	Second	First	Second	Third
Indicative mood
Present	dööm /ˈdøːm/	döör /ˈdøːɾ/	döös /ˈdøːs/	door /ˈdoːɾ/	dööder /ˈdøː.dr̩/	doomer /ˈdoː.mr̩/	doot /ˈdoːt/	döönt /ˈdøːnt/
Past	deda /ˈde.da/	dedir /ˈde.diɾ/	dedi /ˈde.di/	dǫǫdu /ˈdɔː.du/	dǫǫduder /ˈdɔː.du.dr̩/	dǫǫdem /ˈdɔː.dm̩/	dǫǫdet /ˈdɔː.dət/	dǫǫden /ˈdɔː.dn̩/
Passive	*doomę /ˈdoː.mɛ/	*doorę /ˈdoː.ɾɛ/	doodę /ˈdoː.dɛ/	*doostę /ˈdoːs.tɛ/	*doodistę /ˈdoː.dis.tɛ/	*doomastę /ˈdoː.mas.tɛ/	*doossę /ˈdoːs.sɛ/	doondę /ˈdoːn.dɛ/
Subjunctive mood
Present	don /ˈdon/	door /ˈdoːɾ/	doo /ˈdoː/	doou /ˈdoːw/	dööder /ˈdøː.dr̩/	doom /ˈdoːm/	doot /ˈdoːt/	doon /ˈdoːn/
Past	dęędę /ˈdɛː.dɛ/	dęędir /ˈdɛː.diɾ/	dęędi /ˈdɛː.di/	dęędy /ˈdɛː.dy/	dęędider /ˈdɛː.di.dr̩/	dęędim /ˈdɛː.dim/	dęędit /ˈdɛː.dit/	dęędin /ˈdɛː.din/
Passive	*doomǫ /ˈdoː.mɔ/	*doorǫ /ˈdoː.ɾɔ/	doodǫ /ˈdoː.dɔ/	*dootǫ /ˈdoː.tɔ/	*doodistǫ /ˈdoː.dis.tɔ/	*doontǫ /ˈdoːn.tɔ/	*doossǫ /ˈdoːs.sɔ/	doondǫ /ˈdoːn.dɔ/
Imperative mood
	—	doo /ˈdoː/	doodǫ /ˈdoː.dɔ/	—	dööder /ˈdøː.dr̩/	—	doot /ˈdoːt/	doondǫ /ˈdoːn.dɔ/
Non-finite forms
Infinitive				doon /ˈdoːn/
Present participle				doondo /ˈdoːn.do/
Past participle				dooner /ˈdoː.nr̩/
Gerund				doowingu /ˈdoː.wiŋ.gu/

The verb gaan ("to go") is irregular:

	Singular			Dual		Plural
	First	Second	Third	First	Second	First	Second	Third
Indicative mood
Present	goo /ˈgoː/	geer /ˈgeːɾ/	gees /ˈgeːs/	goor /ˈgoːɾ/	gęęder /ˈgɛː.dr̩/	gaamer /ˈgaː.mr̩/	gęęt /ˈgɛːt/	gęęnt /ˈgɛːnt/
Past	ja /ˈja/	jer /ˈjeɾ/	ii /ˈiː/	jedu /ˈje.du/	jeduder /ˈje.du.dr̩/	jedem /ˈje.dm̩/	jedet /ˈje.dət/	jeden /ˈje.dn̩/
Subjunctive mood
Present	gaa /ˈgaː/	gaair /ˈgaːjɾ/	gaai /ˈgaːj/	gaaju /ˈgaː.ju/	gaaider /ˈgaːj.dr̩/	gaaim /ˈgaːjm/	gaait /ˈgaːjt/	gaain /ˈgaːjn/
Past	jedę /ˈje.dɛ/	jedir /ˈje.diɾ/	jedi /ˈje.di/	jedy /ˈje.dy/	jedider /ˈje.di.dr̩/	jedim /ˈje.dim/	jedit /ˈje.dit/	jedin /ˈje.din/
Imperative mood
	—	gęę /ˈgɛː/	gęędǫ /ˈgɛː.dɔ/	—	gęęder /ˈgɛː.dr̩/	—	gęęt /ˈgɛːt/	gaandǫ /ˈgaːn.dɔ/
Non-finite forms
Infinitive				gaan /ˈgaːn/
Present participle				gaando /ˈgaːn.do/
Past participle				gaaner /ˈgaː.nr̩/
Gerund				gaaingu /ˈgaːjŋ.gu/

The verb wilan ("to want") has a weak past tense, but its present forms are irregular.

	Singular			Dual		Plural
	First	Second	Third	First	Second	First	Second	Third
Indicative mood
Present	wilem /ˈwi.lm̩/	wilir /ˈwi.liɾ/	wilis /ˈwi.lis/	wilur /ˈwi.luɾ/	wilider /ˈwi.li.dr̩/	wilimer /ˈwi.li.mr̩/	wilet /ˈwi.lət/	wilint /ˈwi.lint/
Past	welda /ˈwel.da/	weldir /ˈwel.diɾ/	weldi /ˈwel.di/	weldedu /ˈwel.de.du/	weldeduder /ˈwel.de.du.dr̩/	weldedem /ˈwel.de.dm̩/	weldedet /ˈwel.de.dət/	weldeden /ˈwel.de.dn̩/
Subjunctive mood
Present	wilę /ˈwi.lɛ/	wilir /ˈwi.liɾ/	wili /ˈwi.li/	wily /ˈwi.ly/	wilider /ˈwi.li.dr̩/	wilim /ˈwi.lim/	wilit /ˈwi.lit/	wilin /ˈwi.lin/
Past	weldedę /ˈwel.de.dɛ/	weldedir /ˈwel.de.diɾ/	weldedi /ˈwel.de.di/	weldedy /ˈwel.de.dy/	weldedider /ˈwel.de.di.dr̩/	weldedim /ˈwel.de.dim/	weldedit /ˈwel.de.dit/	weldedin /ˈwel.de.din/
Imperative mood
	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Non-finite forms
Infinitive				wilan /ˈwi.lan/
Present participle				wilando /ˈwi.lan.do/
Past participle				welder /ˈwel.dr̩/
Gerund				wilingu /ˈwi.liŋ.gu/

The verb hęban ("to have", auxillary) is the only remaining class 3 weak verb in Old Blylandic:

	Singular			Dual		Plural
	First	Second	Third	First	Second	First	Second	Third
Indicative mood
Present	hębu /ˈhɛ.bu/	habęr /ˈha.bɛɾ/	habęs /ˈha.bɛs/	hębur /ˈhɛ.buɾ/	hębader /ˈhɛ.ba.dr̩/	hębamer /ˈhɛ.ba.mr̩/	habęt /ˈha.bɛt/	hębant /ˈhɛ.bant/
Past	hadda /ˈhad.da/	haddir /ˈhad.diɾ/	haddi /ˈhad.di/	haddedu /ˈhad.de.du/	haddeduder /ˈhad.de.du.dr̩/	haddedem /ˈhad.de.dm̩/	haddedet /ˈhad.de.dət/	haddeden /ˈhad.de.dn̩/
Subjunctive mood
Present	hęba /ˈhɛ.ba/	hębęr /ˈhɛ.bɛɾ/	hębę /ˈhɛ.bɛ/	hębǫ /ˈhɛ.bɔ/	hębęder /ˈhɛ.bɛ.dr̩/	hębęm /ˈhɛ.bɛm/	hębęt /ˈhɛ.bɛt/	hębęn /ˈhɛ.bɛn/
Past	haddedę /ˈhad.de.dɛ/	haddedir /ˈhad.de.diɾ/	haddedi /ˈhad.de.di/	haddedy /ˈhad.de.dy/	haddedider /ˈhad.de.di.dr̩/	haddedim /ˈhad.de.dim/	haddedit /ˈhad.de.dit/	haddedin /ˈhad.de.din/
Imperative mood
	—	habę /ˈha.bɛ/	hębadǫ /ˈhɛ.ba.dɔ/	—	hębader /ˈhɛ.ba.dr̩/	—	habęt /ˈha.bɛt/	hębandǫ /ˈhɛ.ban.dɔ/
Non-finite forms
Infinitive				hęban /ˈhɛ.ban/
Present participle				hębando /ˈhɛ.ban.do/
Past participle				hadder /ˈhad.dr̩/
Gerund				hębingu /ˈhɛ.biŋ.gu/

It is considered to be an irregular verb because it retains irregular present conjugations, but it has an otherwise regular past tense.

Dialectal differences

There are some variation in verbal inflection between dialects. In particular, the form of the second person singular varies depending on region. The following forms are attested for the second person singular:

• Indicative -sj, from Proto-Germanic *-si
• Indicative -r, from Proto-Germanic *-zi
• Indicative -sjt, from Proto-Germanic *-si + analogical -t from the second person plural and the strong past indicative.
• Indicative -rt, from Proto-Germanic *-zi + analogical -t from the second person plural and the strong past indicative.
• Subjunctive -s, from Proto-Germanic *-s
• Subjunctive -r, from Proto-Germanic *-z
• Subjunctive -st, from Proto-Germanic *-s + analogical -t from the second person plural and the strong past indicative.
• Subjunctive -rt, from Proto-Germanic *-z + analogical -t from the second person plural and the strong past indicative.

In general, the forms with -r- are considered to be standard in the Lobehaben dialect, with only byysj retaining the voiceless form. The forms with and without -t are in free variation in the Lobehaben dialect.